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Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Database-guided Flow-cytometry for Evaluation of Bone Marrow Myeloid Cell Maturation
Published on: November 3, 2018
Distinguishing constitutional from acquired bone marrow failure in the hematology clinic
Emma M Groarke1, Neal S Young1, Katherine R Calvo2
1Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Building 10, 3-E, room 3-5240, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
Abstract:
Distinguishing constitutional from immune bone marrow failure (BMF) has important clinical implications. However, the diagnosis is not always straightforward, and immune aplastic anemia, the commonest BMF, is a diagnosis of exclusion. In this review, we discuss a general approach to the evaluation of BMF, focusing on clinical presentations particular to immune and various constitutional disorders as well as the interpretation of bone marrow histology, flow cytometry, and karyotyping. Additionally, we examine the role of specialized testing in both immune and inherited BMF, and discuss genetic testing, both its role in patient evaluation and interpretation of results.
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