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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

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Exploratory Factor Analysis of Unusual Sexual Interests.

Eveline E Schippers1, Wineke J Smid2, Anna Laura Huckelba3

  • 1Forensic Care Specialists, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

The Journal of Sexual Medicine
|August 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study identified five clusters of unusual sexual interests, including submission/masochism and fetishism, which were similar in men and women. Findings aid understanding of sexual interests and potential clinical implications.

Keywords:
DominanceExploratory Factor AnalysisMasochismParaphiliaSexual InterestsSexual OutletSubmission

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sexology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Unusual sexual interests are often intercorrelated, but underlying patterns remain poorly understood.
  • Research is needed to explore the clustering of diverse sexual interests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify underlying clusters of unusual sexual interests using exploratory factor analysis.
  • To examine the relationship between these clusters and sexual satisfaction, sexual outlet, and psychiatric symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on self-reported data from an international online sample (N=669).
  • Participants rated 50 unusual sexual activities and completed validated scales for sexual satisfaction, sexual outlet, and psychiatric symptoms (ADHD, depression, anxiety, stress).

Main Results:

  • Five distinct factors of unusual sexual interests were identified: submission/masochism, forbidden sexual activities, dominance/sadism, mysophilia, and fetishism.
  • These factors were largely comparable between men and women.
  • For women, unusual sexual interests correlated with more psychiatric symptoms and higher sexual outlet, a less explicit association for men.

Conclusions:

  • Unusual sexual interests can be meaningfully clustered into five comparable factors for both sexes.
  • Understanding these clusters may inform interventions for unwanted or harmful sexual interests, potentially relating to sexual and emotional regulation.