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Video Anthology of Movement Disorders Due to Infections in South Asia
Annu Aggarwal1, Sachin Adukia1, Mohit Bhatt1
1Movement Disorder Clinic, Department of Neurosciences Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute Mumbai India.
Abstract:
South Asia, encompassing many populous countries including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, is home to a wide variety of infectious diseases several of which are disproportionately prevalent, endemic or distinctive to the region. These result in considerable morbidity and mortality, which can be greatly reduced through public-health measures, timely diagnosis and treatment. Some of these infectious diseases have neurological manifestations including movement disorders either due to the pathogen being neuroinvasive or via an immune-mediated response. For diseases such as Japanese encephalitis, movement disorders are the primary manifestation while for others, they can be a presenting feature. Thus, recognizing these movement disorders is often crucial to the diagnosis of the particular infection, and/or to exclude infection as a cause and arrive at the correct alternate diagnosis. Once diagnosed, the infection-related movement disorders are treated by targeting the infectious agent, or symptomatically. In this article, we describe and illustrate a variety of movement disorders that are seen in patients infected by viruses, bacteria and parasites in South Asia. This would be of value to neurologists practicing in the region and, with the increasing ease in movement of people and pathogens, those practicing elsewhere.
Insights
Infectious diseases in South Asia often cause neurological issues like movement disorders. Early recognition and treatment of these infections are crucial for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- South Asia faces a high burden of infectious diseases with significant morbidity and mortality.
- Infectious diseases in the region can lead to neurological manifestations, including movement disorders.
- These movement disorders can stem from direct neuroinvasion by pathogens or immune-mediated responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe and illustrate various movement disorders associated with viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections in South Asia.
- To highlight the importance of recognizing infection-related movement disorders for accurate diagnosis and management.
- To provide valuable information for neurologists in South Asia and globally.
Main Methods:
- Review and description of movement disorders linked to specific infectious agents prevalent in South Asia.
- Illustration of clinical presentations of these neurological manifestations.
- Discussion of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Main Results:
- A range of movement disorders are associated with infections in South Asia.
- Movement disorders can be the primary or a presenting feature of certain infections.
- Timely diagnosis and targeted treatment of infections are key to managing these neurological complications.
Conclusions:
- Infection-related movement disorders are a significant concern in South Asia.
- Recognizing these disorders aids in diagnosing infections and guiding treatment.
- This knowledge is vital for neurologists managing patients with potential infectious etiologies.
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