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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
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Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Psychotherapy01:28

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Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression
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[Depression therapy for somatic diseases].

S V Ivanov1,2, E I Voronova1,2

  • 1Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|August 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review discusses psychopharmacotherapy for depression in general practice, focusing on managing side effects and choosing antidepressants based on patient

Keywords:
antidepressantsdepressiongeneral medicinepsychopharmacotherapysafetytolerability

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • General Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Depression is frequently comorbid with somatic and neurological diseases.
  • Managing depression in primary care requires careful consideration of comorbidities and drug interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review psychopharmacotherapy for depression in general medical practice.
  • To analyze antidepressant efficacy, side effects, and contraindications in patients with somatic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of psychopharmacotherapy for depression.
  • Analysis of direct and side effects of antidepressants.
  • Evaluation of antidepressant selection based on patient's somatic status.

Main Results:

  • Antidepressant choice must account for direct and side effects on various organ systems.
  • Specific antidepressants are recommended or contraindicated based on co-existing somatic diseases.
  • Effective management balances treatment of affective disorders and underlying pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing psychopharmacotherapy for depression in general practice enhances treatment efficiency and safety.
  • Consideration of somatic comorbidities is crucial for safe and effective antidepressant prescribing.