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Related Concept Videos

Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

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When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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Types of Fluids01:27

Types of Fluids

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Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
In contrast, non-Newtonian fluids do not follow Newton's law of viscosity, and...
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Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

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Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
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Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids
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Liquid Transfer for Viscoelastic Solutions.

Hrishikesh Pingulkar1, Jorge Peixinho1,2, Olivier Crumeyrolle1

  • 1LOMC, CNRS and Université Le Havre Normandie, Le Havre 76600, France.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|August 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Liquid transfer between surfaces, crucial for printing, is reduced by higher polymer concentration and viscosity. Capillary bridge shape significantly impacts transfer, with Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids behaving oppositely.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Rheology
  • Surface science

Background:

  • Liquid transfer between surfaces is vital in technologies like printing.
  • Understanding viscoelastic fluid behavior is key to optimizing these processes.
  • Capillary bridges formed between surfaces are a model system for studying liquid transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate factors affecting viscoelastic liquid transfer between two parallel disks.
  • To analyze the influence of polymer concentration, viscosity, and capillary bridge geometry on liquid transfer.
  • To compare the behavior of Newtonian and viscoelastic solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of Newtonian and viscoelastic solutions using polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide.
  • Experimental investigation of liquid transfer in a uniaxial extensional flow setup.
  • Systematic variation of parameters: polymer mass fraction, viscosity, disk diameter, aspect ratio, stretching velocity, and filling fraction.

Main Results:

  • Increased polymer mass fraction and solvent viscosity reduce liquid transfer.
  • Higher initial and final stretching heights decrease liquid transfer for both fluid types.
  • Newtonian and viscoelastic solutions exhibit opposing behaviors concerning liquid transfer as capillary bridge shape changes.

Conclusions:

  • Interfacial shape instability and gravitational drainage govern liquid transfer.
  • Fluid properties and geometry critically influence the efficiency of liquid transfer.
  • The study provides insights into optimizing printing and other related technologies.