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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Early Pathological and Magnetic Resonance Detection of Cerebral Injury Using a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
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Reference ranges for fetal brain structures using magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review.

D Di Mascio1, A Khalil2,3, G Rizzo4,5

  • 1Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Summary

Studies on fetal brain reference ranges using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) show significant methodological weaknesses. Improving study design and reporting is crucial for reliable fetal biometry data.

Keywords:
central nervous systemchartsfetal braingrowthmagnetic resonance imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Fetal Medicine
  • Biometry

Background:

  • Establishing accurate reference ranges for fetal brain structures is essential for monitoring growth and development.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers detailed visualization of the fetal brain, but methodological quality of existing studies varies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the methodological quality of studies reporting reference ranges for fetal brain structures using MRI.
  • To identify specific areas of weakness in the methodology of these studies to guide future research.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of studies published up to December 2020 was conducted.
  • A 26-item quality checklist covering study design, statistical methods, and MRI-specific aspects was applied.
  • Studies were scored based on adherence to quality criteria, with a lower score indicating a higher risk of bias.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen studies were included, with an average overall quality score of 48.7%.
  • The 'specific aspects relevant to MRI' domain had the lowest mean score (33.3%), with no studies performing whole fetal brain assessment.
  • 'Study design' (42.0%) and 'statistical and reporting methods' (59.4%) also showed significant limitations, including sample size calculation and postnatal assessment data.

Conclusions:

  • Published studies on fetal brain MRI reference ranges exhibit considerable heterogeneity and low-to-moderate methodological quality.
  • Similar quality issues have been noted in ultrasound-based fetal biometry studies.
  • Improvements in study design, statistical analysis, and MRI-specific protocols are needed to enhance the reliability of fetal brain reference ranges.