Long-term Use of Hormone Replacement Therapy is Associated With a Lower Risk of Developing High-risk Serrated Polyps...

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and parity have been suggested protective factors against the development of colorectal polyps. However, there are a limited number of studies that have examined the relationship of these factors with high-risk adenomatous polyps (HRAP) or high-risk serrated polyps (HRSP), which may have different causes and therefore implications for screening programs.

Data from a cross-sectional study of 1384 women undergoing screening-related colonoscopy between 2008 and 2016 were analyzed. Modified Poisson regression models with robust error variance were used to determine the relative risk of developing adenomatous polyps, serrated polyps, HRAPs, and HRSPs associated with pregnancy, menopausal status, and the use of HRT (duration and type).

Women that used HRT for ≥6 years were at a significantly lower risk of developing a HRSP [risk ratios (RR): 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29-0.97]. Irrespective of the duration of use, the use of HRT that included progesterone alone or with estrogen was associated with a significantly lower risk of developing a HRSP (RR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.30-0.95). The use HRT with progesterone for ≥6 years was associated with a nonsignificant lower risk of developing a HRSP (RR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.17-1.04). None of the reproductive factors assessed or HRT were associated with the development of adenomatous polyps or HRAPs.

The results of this study suggests that the long-term use of HRT, and therapies that include progesterone are associated with a lower risk of developing HRSPs. These results could have implications for targeted screening for serrated polyps among women.