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Updated: Oct 23, 2025
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Published on: May 31, 2021
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Belgian population norms for the EQ-5D-5L, 2018
Lisa Van Wilder1, Rana Charafeddine2, Philippe Beutels3,4
1Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Summary
This study establishes the first national EQ-5D-5L health norms for Belgium. Lower educational attainment and female sex are linked to poorer self-reported health status and lower EQ-5D-5L index values.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Economics
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures are crucial for population health monitoring and intervention assessment.
- The EQ-5D-5L (EuroQol 5 Dimensions 5 Levels) is a widely used HRQoL instrument.
- The Belgian Health Interview Survey (BHIS) 2018 collected EQ-5D-5L data from a representative sample.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate population-based EQ-5D-5L norms for Belgium stratified by sex, age, and region.
- To analyze the association between EQ-5D-5L scores and educational attainment in the Belgian population.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of EQ-5D-5L data from the nationally representative BHIS 2018 sample.
- Logistic and linear regression models were employed to analyze dimension scores and index values, respectively.
- Survey design features were accounted for in the statistical analyses.
Main Results:
- Over 50% of respondents reported pain/discomfort, and over 25% reported anxiety/depression.
- The mean EQ-5D-5L index value for the Belgian population was 0.84.
- Women, older individuals (especially >80 years), and those with lower educational attainment reported significantly worse health outcomes and lower index values.
Conclusions:
- This study provides the first national EQ-5D-5L population norms for Belgium.
- These norms are essential for monitoring health status, disease burden, and health inequalities over time.
- The findings highlight the importance of considering sociodemographic factors in health assessments.
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