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Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Optimization of a Quantitative Micro-neutralization Assay
Published on: December 14, 2016
Improved post-marketing safety surveillance of quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in Mexico using a
Miguel Betancourt-Cravioto1, Patricia Cervantes-Powell2, Roberto Tapia-Conyer3
1Sociedad Mexicana de Salud Pública, CDMX, Mexico.
Abstract:
Quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIVs) are designed to prevent influenza disease caused by two influenza A viruses (H1N1 and H3N2) and both influenza B lineages. Risk-monitoring of QIVs to identify adverse events (AEs) is necessary as influenza vaccines are reformulated each year. We developed a new active surveillance system (Sistema de Control de Vacunación; SICOVA) to improve pharmacovigilance in Mexico. Participants (N = 2013) aged 0 - 96 years from nine sites across three influenza seasons (n = 1166 in 2015 - 2016; n = 633 in 2016 - 2017; and n = 214 in 2017 - 2018) agreed to receive text messages 1, 7, 28, and 42 days post-vaccination to know if they had experienced any AEs. The study was completed electronically by 1763 (87.6%) participants; manual follow-up was conducted for 250 participants whose reporting was incomplete. The overall AE rate was 9.09%. At least one AE was reported by 183 participants, of whom 131 (71.58%) did not require a medical visit and 52 (28.42%) needed medical attention, with none requiring hospitalization. Most AEs requiring medical attention occurred in children aged 0 - 5 years (n = 22, 42.31%) and adults aged 31 - 35 years (n = 5, 9.62%). These results are consistent with the established safety profile of Fluzone® Quadrivalent, and show that SICOVA can facilitate surveillance and increase AE reporting in Mexico.
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Pharmacovigilance
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
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