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There are several methods to control power flow in power systems:
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Load-frequency control01:28

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Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...
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Generator voltage control is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of synchronous generators and wind turbines. In older models, a DC generator driven by the rotor delivers DC power to the rotor's field winding, and the power is transferred through slip rings and brushes. In the latest models, static or brushless exciters are used. Static exciters rectify AC power from the generator terminals and then transfer the DC power directly to the rotor. Brushless exciters, on the other hand,...
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Turbine-governor control is crucial for maintaining power system stability by balancing turbine mechanical power output with electrical load demand. This mechanism ensures that generator frequency and rotor speed are within acceptable limits during load variations. Turbine-generator units store kinetic energy due to their rotating masses; this energy is released to meet the load requirement when the load increases. The electrical torque of turbines rises to meet the demand, whereas the...
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The fast decoupled power flow method addresses contingencies in power system operations, such as generator outages or transmission line failures. This method provides quick power flow solutions, essential for real-time system adjustments. Fast decoupled power flow algorithms simplify the Jacobian matrix by neglecting certain elements, leading to two sets of decoupled equations:
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Power system distribution involves delivering electrical energy from power plants to consumers through a network of transmission and distribution systems. The process begins at power plants, where energy from coal, gas, nuclear, water, and wind is converted into electrical energy. These plants use three-phase generators, typically rated between 50 to 1300 MVA, with terminal voltages ranging from a few kV to 20 kV, depending on the size and age of the units.
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Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator
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Accurate Power Sharing and Voltage Regulation for AC Microgrids: An Event-Triggered Coordinated Control Approach.

Dazhong Ma, Menglin Liu, Huaguang Zhang

    IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics
    |August 18, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces an event-triggered consensus control for AC microgrids with high renewable energy penetration. The method enhances power quality and ensures accurate power sharing while reducing communication load.

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    Area of Science:

    • Electrical Engineering
    • Control Systems
    • Renewable Energy Integration

    Background:

    • AC microgrids with high renewable energy penetration face power quality issues due to energy source variability and nonlinearities.
    • Existing control methods may require excessive communication, impacting efficiency and scalability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose an event-triggered consensus control approach for improving AC microgrid power quality and power sharing.
    • To reduce communication overhead among distributed generators in AC microgrids.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a nonlinear state-space model for the AC microgrid.
    • Applied singular perturbation to transform the model into a standard linear multiagent system.
    • Designed a leader-based secondary consensus control strategy.
    • Implemented an event-triggered communication mechanism to avoid Zeno behavior.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed approach effectively compensates for output voltage deviations.
    • Accurate power sharing among distributed generators was achieved.
    • The event-triggered method significantly reduced communication frequency.
    • Theoretical proof confirmed the avoidance of Zeno behavior.

    Conclusions:

    • The event-triggered consensus control is effective for enhancing AC microgrid performance with high renewable energy.
    • This approach offers a practical solution for improving power quality and reducing communication in modern microgrids.