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Related Experiment Video

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Closed-loop automated reaching apparatus (CLARA) for interrogating complex motor behaviors.

S Bowles1, W R Williamson2, D Nettles1

  • 1Neurosurgery, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America.

Journal of Neural Engineering
|August 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

We developed CLARA, a novel system for automated behavioral analysis and closed-loop neuromodulation in mice. This technology enables precise neural stimulation based on real-time behavior, advancing neurostimulation device development.

Keywords:
closed-loopcomputer visionneuromodulationreal-timeskilled reachvagus nerve stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Closed-loop neuromodulation is a growing therapeutic field for neurological disorders.
  • Developing new neurological devices requires high-throughput systems for animal studies.
  • Monitoring physiological signals and complex behaviors is crucial for device development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop CLARA, a closed-loop automated reaching apparatus for high-throughput neuromodulation research.
  • To integrate computer vision for markerless kinematic tracking and behavioral classification.
  • To enable precise neural stimulation based on behavioral outcomes in model organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized computer vision for fully-automated, markerless kinematic tracking of animal behavior in 3D at 150 Hz.
  • Integrated CLARA with neurophysiological tools for simultaneous stimulation and signal monitoring.
  • Automated trial initiation, pellet delivery, and outcome-based stimulation with short latency.

Main Results:

  • CLARA successfully tracked unconstrained skilled reach behavior without markers.
  • Kinematic data revealed that learning improves reach failures but not successful reach kinematics.
  • Closed-loop vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) enhanced skilled reach performance and consistency in healthy animals.

Conclusions:

  • CLARA is the first mouse behavior apparatus using markerless pose tracking for real-time closed-loop stimulation.
  • The system facilitated investigation into closed-loop VNS effects on motor performance.
  • This approach holds translational relevance for developing neurostimulation technologies based on human behavior.