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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanophotonics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Polaritons in anisotropic materials offer unique light-manipulation properties at the nanoscale.
  • Existing polaritons are categorized as bulk (propagating within) or surface (decaying away from an interface).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the near-field observation and characterization of a novel class of polaritons: ghost phonon polaritons.
  • To investigate the unique propagation characteristics and topological transitions of these ghost polaritons in uniaxial crystals.

Main Methods:

  • Real-space near-field imaging experiments were employed to observe polariton propagation.
  • Maxwell's equations were used to describe the atypical surface wave solutions.

Main Results:

  • Ghost phonon polaritons exhibit in-plane hyperbolic dispersion and oblique bulk wavefronts.
  • Observed long-distance (over 20 micrometres), ray-like, diffraction-less propagation of subwavelength polaritons.
  • Demonstrated hyperbolic-to-elliptic topological transitions by controlling the optic axis angle, enabling band diagram tailoring.

Conclusions:

  • Ghost phonon polaritons represent a new class of polaritons with a bi-state nature (propagating and evanescent).
  • These findings offer unique opportunities for controlling nanoscale light in natural anisotropic crystals.