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First Reported Case of Anti-Ampa Receptor Encephalitis in a Vietnamese Adolescent
Nguyen Le Trung Hieu1, Nguyen Minh Duc2,3,4, Thieu-Thi Tra My4
1Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Clinical Medicine Insights. Case Reports
|August 19, 2021
Summary
This case report details a rare instance of anti-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor encephalitis in a child. The patient experienced seizures and cognitive issues, responding partially to immunotherapy.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Autoimmune encephalitis involves antibodies attacking neuronal surface receptors, causing cognitive and behavioral issues.
- Anti-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor encephalitis is exceptionally rare with limited clinical data.
Observation:
- A 10-year-old presented with recurrent seizures, cognitive-behavioral disorder, and amnesia.
- Normal MRI, abnormal EEG with focal spikes, and detected anti-AMPA receptor antibodies in serum and CSF.
- Treatment included immunotherapy (methylprednisolone, IVIG) and antiepileptic drugs.
Findings:
- Seizures were controlled with medication.
- Cognitive-behavioral disorder showed only partial improvement.
- This case highlights disease manifestation, immunotherapy response, and potential relapse in anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis.
Implications:
- Contributes to understanding the clinical presentation of anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis.
- Provides insights into treatment response and relapse patterns.
- Emphasizes the need for further research into this rare autoimmune neurological condition.
