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Risk Predictors and Symptom Features of Long COVID Within a Broad Primary Care Patient Population Including Both
Rupert Jones1,2,3, Andrew Davis1,2, Brooklyn Stanley1,2
1Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, UK.
Pragmatic and Observational Research
|August 19, 2021
Summary
Long COVID affects nearly 10% of patients, with predictors including age, sex, frailty, and hospital visits. Many long COVID cases were not test-confirmed, highlighting the need for broader primary care data.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Long COVID symptoms persist post-infection, but data primarily comes from hospitalized, test-confirmed cases.
- A broader understanding of long COVID burden and predictors in primary care is needed, including untested individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and predictors of long COVID in a diverse primary care population.
- To identify demographic, clinical, and symptom-related factors associated with persistent symptoms after COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- Observational study using linked electronic health records and patient questionnaires (Platform C19).
- Included patients aged 18-85 diagnosed with COVID-19 (self, clinician, or test-confirmed).
- Long COVID defined as symptoms lasting ≥4 weeks; multivariable regression analyzed predictors.
Main Results:
- 9.8% of patients experienced long COVID; only 34.2% had test-confirmed COVID-19.
- Predictors included age ≥40, female sex, frailty, A&E visits, and hospital admission.
- Symptoms like aches, appetite loss, confusion, diarrhea, and dry cough were more common in long COVID.
Conclusions:
- Identified key predictors and symptom features of long COVID in a broad primary care setting.
- Highlights the significant number of long COVID cases missed in test-confirmed cohorts.
- Emphasizes the importance of primary care data for understanding long COVID prevalence and risk factors.
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