Biopsychosocial Predictors of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms among First-Generation Black African Immigrants

Few studies examine factors associated with mental health distress among immigrants from African countries. Using cross-sectional data from first-generation Black African immigrants across the United States (N = 180), this study examined biopsychosocial factors that influence depression and anxiety symptoms among African immigrants in the United States. Ordinary least squares regression was conducted to analyze the data. Approximately 22 percent of the sample reported depression and anxiety symptoms in the moderate to severe range. Results indicated that being male, substance use, discrimination, and loneliness were significantly associated with worse depression and anxiety symptoms. In addition, worries about safety and financial strain were associated with increased mental health distress. Loneliness also moderated the association between discrimination and depression and anxiety symptoms. Findings imply that relational interventions in direct practice settings may play a critical role in helping African immigrants ameliorate depression and anxiety symptoms. This study supports the use of the biopsychosocial approach in assessment and intervention of mental health symptoms as well as a systems approach when understanding the experiences of African immigrants.