Etching-Free Ultrafast Fabrication of Self-Rolled Metallic Nanosheets with Controllable Twisting

The rapid development of state-of-the-art nanotechnology is driven by the emerging novel nanofabrication methods, such as self-rolling of 2D materials or nanosheets. Nonetheless, the traditional chemical etching-based "roll-up" technologies suffer from a low fabrication efficiency and generally produce only scroll-like structures. In this work, we develop a versatile, ultrafast, and etching-free method to synthesize self-rolled metallic nanostructures through hydrogel surface buckling enabled exfoliation, which enables rapid exfoliation and self-rolling of metallic nanosheets at a rate about 1 to 2 orders of magnitude faster than other methods. Furthermore, we observe a scroll-helix-scroll transition through the twisting of the self-rolled nanosheets. Through extensive finite element simulations and experiments, we reveal the thermodynamics underpinning these configurational transitions.