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Semantic knowledge significantly impacts serial order processing in working memory (WM). Grouping related items semantically or temporally reduces errors, suggesting a hierarchical information representation mechanism in WM.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Long-term semantic knowledge is thought to influence item, but not serial order, maintenance in working memory (WM).
  • Existing evidence for semantic knowledge affecting serial order maintenance is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the robust impact of semantic knowledge on the processing of serial order information in WM.
  • To compare the effects of semantic grouping versus temporal grouping on serial order errors.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Manipulated semantic relatedness using categorized item subgroups (e.g., leaf-tree-branch) and compared it to temporal grouping.
  • Experiment 2: Interleaved semantically related items to disrupt semantic grouping.

Main Results:

  • Both semantic and temporal grouping robustly constrained serial order errors in Experiment 1.
  • Items migrated towards semantically related positions or within temporal groups.
  • This semantic grouping effect on migration errors disappeared when semantic groups were interleaved in Experiment 2.

Conclusions:

  • Semantic knowledge directly influences the processing of serial order information in WM.
  • Hierarchical representation mechanisms may underlie both semantic and temporal grouping effects.
  • Findings support models of direct interaction between serial order and linguistic components within WM.