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Primetime for microglia: When stress and infection collide

Alexis M Ceasrine1, Staci D Bilbo2

  • 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Neuron
|August 19, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Early life inflammation in microglia permanently alters brain function. This inflammation makes male mice more prone to developing depressive-like behaviors when exposed to stress later in life.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Inflammation during early development is linked to later-life behavioral changes.
  • Microglia, the brain's immune cells, play a critical role in neuroinflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of early-life inflammation on neuronal function and behavior.
  • To elucidate the specific molecular mechanisms underlying this developmental neuroinflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a mouse model to induce Tlr4-dependent inflammation in early life.
  • Assessed changes in neuronal function and stress-induced depressive-like behaviors in adult male mice.

Main Results:

  • Early life Tlr4-dependent inflammation in microglia permanently altered neuronal function.
  • Male mice exposed to early life inflammation exhibited increased susceptibility to stress-induced depressive-like behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Early life microglial inflammation establishes a lasting vulnerability to stress-induced depression.
  • Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) signaling in microglia is a key mediator of this developmental programming.

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