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Measuring interoception: The phase adjustment task.

D Plans1, S Ponzo2, D Morelli3

  • 1INDEX Group, Department of Science, Innovation, Technology, and Entrepreneurship, University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Huma Therapeutics Ltd, London, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Biological Psychology
|August 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces the Phase Adjustment Task (PAT), a novel smartphone tool for measuring interoception, the perception of bodily states. Initial findings suggest PAT is a valid and reliable measure, though no significant links to mental health were found in a non-clinical sample.

Keywords:
AnxietyCardiac perceptionCardioceptionDepressionEmpathyHeartbeat counting taskHeartbeat detection taskInteroceptionMental healthPAT taskPhase adjustment taskStressTelemetrics

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Interoception, the perception of internal bodily states, is linked to mental health.
  • Existing interoception tasks have questionable validity, necessitating new measurement tools.
  • Smartphone-based assessments offer novel avenues for psychological research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce and validate the Phase Adjustment Task (PAT), a novel smartphone-based measure of interoception.
  • Assess the reliability and validity of the PAT.
  • Investigate associations between interoception measured by PAT and mental health indicators.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a smartphone-based Phase Adjustment Task (PAT) where participants synchronize auditory tones with their heartbeats.
  • Recruited 124 participants for Study 1 to assess PAT performance and its relation to anxiety, depression, and stress.
  • Conducted a one-week test-retest reliability study (Study 2) to evaluate PAT stability.

Main Results:

  • PAT performance showed significant inter-individual variance, unaffected by physiological or strategic confounds.
  • No significant associations were found between PAT-measured interoception and self-reported anxiety, depression, or stress in the non-clinical sample.
  • PAT performance demonstrated moderate one-week test-retest stability, suggesting it captures stable traits rather than transient states.

Conclusions:

  • The Phase Adjustment Task (PAT) is a valid and reliable smartphone-based measure of interoception.
  • The lack of significant associations with mental health in a non-clinical sample may require further investigation in clinical populations.
  • PAT's moderate stability supports its utility for assessing interoceptive abilities over time.