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Published on: August 21, 2015
A Qualitative Study: Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Nutrition Standard Adherence by In-home Childcare
Dawn Earnesty1, Getrude Mphwanthe2, Kaitlyn Rau1
1Michigan State University Extension, East Lansing, Michigan.
Background:
The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) nutrition standards may present food purchasing, preparation, and feeding challenges for caregivers of young children.
Objective:
To elucidate perceived barriers and facilitators faced by in-home childcare providers to following the CACFP food and beverage nutrition standards.
Design:
Virtual, semistructured individual interviews elicited perceptions from a cross section of low-income, in-home childcare providers in Michigan.
Participants/Settings:
Twenty childcare providers of various races, ethnicity, urban and rural residence, and licensure status.
Analysis:
Thematic coding analysis with NVivo (ver12.0) to organize and interpret data.
Results:
Four primary barriers to adhering to the CACFP nutrition standards emerged including (1) noncompliant food preferences of children and providers; (2) higher cost and lower availability of CACFP-approved items; (3) celebrations and food rewards; (4) excessive time and effort needed to prepare foods and beverages, especially with dietary restrictions for some children. Ten perceived facilitators included (1) using nutrition education available through community organizations; (2) finding convenient and easy ways to prepare foods and beverages; (3) using CACFP and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children guidelines and funding; (4) increasing variety of foods and beverages by using a menu or recalling items recently served; (5) modeling eating healthful foods and encouraging sampling of new foods and beverages; (6) mixing preferred foods/beverages with less preferred; (7) using nutrition information available from social media and from peers; (8) allowing children to choose foods and beverages; (9) serving the same eligible food and beverages to all children; and (10) provider concern about impact of foods and beverages on children's health and behavior.
Conclusions:
Results from this study can inform nutrition education from community organizations that occurs in tandem with CACFP sponsor organizations. In addition, they can be utilized to address state-level licensure regulations and quality improvement rating systems that include nutrition standards childcare providers are encouraged or required to follow.
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