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Profiling a soft solid layer to passively control the conduit shape in a compliant microchannel during flow.

Pratyaksh Karan1, Jeevanjyoti Chakraborty1, Suman Chakraborty1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.

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This study introduces a passive method to control microchannel shape using soft materials and fluid flow, enabling new possibilities for microfluidic applications without complex fabrication or active control.

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Microchannel shape is critical for fluid dynamics, rheology, and particle/cell separation.
  • Current methods for controlling microchannel shape (fabrication, active actuation) have limitations.
  • A need exists for passive, adaptable methods to control microchannel geometry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a passive approach for tuning microchannel geometry.
  • To leverage elastohydrodynamics for achieving predetermined flow shapes.
  • To explore the use of soft coatings for adaptable microchannel design.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a theoretical framework based on nonlinear differential equations for soft coating-fluid interface dynamics.
  • Investigated microchannels with a soft top wall and a rigid bottom wall.
  • Demonstrated shape control by analyzing the interaction between viscous flow and the soft layer.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated the tuning of four distinct microchannel geometries using the proposed passive method.
  • Validated the theoretical model through proof-of-concept experiments.
  • Found that slip length patterning on the rigid wall offers limited additional control over channel shape compared to the soft coating.

Conclusions:

  • The passive elastohydrodynamic approach offers a viable alternative for controlling microchannel shapes.
  • This method allows for the a priori tuning of microfluidic geometries without complex fabrication or active systems.
  • The findings open new avenues for designing adaptable microfluidic devices for various applications.