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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Nanoscale Heat Engines

Background:

  • Nanoscale heat engines face precision limitations due to significant thermodynamic fluctuations.
  • The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) establishes a fundamental trade-off between engine power, fluctuations, and entropy production.
  • Quantum coherence is hypothesized to potentially overcome the limitations imposed by the TUR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) in a quantum heat engine, specifically the Scovil-Schulz-DuBois maser.
  • To analyze the impact of quantum coherence on the performance and fluctuations of this quantum heat engine.
  • To compare the quantum system's behavior with a classical reference to isolate the effects of coherence.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical study of the TUR in the Scovil-Schulz-DuBois maser.
  • Comparison of the quantum maser with a corresponding classical system.
  • Investigation of fluctuations and their relationship to coherence, including effects beyond steady-state properties.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific parameter regimes where quantum coherence suppresses fluctuations, indicating a potential quantum advantage.
  • Identified regimes where coherence enhances fluctuations, demonstrating a complex interplay.
  • Demonstrated that TUR violations are linked to coherence effects that extend beyond the steady-state density matrix, suggesting a deeper quantum phenomenon.

Conclusions:

  • The quantum Scovil-Schulz-DuBois maser violates the conventional TUR but adheres to a recently proposed quantum TUR formulation.
  • Quantum effects influencing fluctuations are not solely determined by steady-state coherence.
  • Operating points near the conventional TUR limit are common, and TUR violations due to quantum coherence are not rare in this model.