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The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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The pV diagram, which is a graph of pressure versus volume of the gas under study, is helpful in describing certain aspects of the substance. When the substance behaves like an ideal gas, the ideal gas equation describes the relationship between its pressure and volume. On a pV diagram, it is common to plot an isotherm, which is a curve showing p as a function of V with the number of molecules and the temperature fixed. Then, for an ideal gas, the product of the pressure of the gas and its...
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Phase distribution including a bubblelike region in supercritical fluid.

Jinliang Xu1,2, Yan Wang1, Xiaojing Ma1

  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.

Physical Review. E
|August 20, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Supercritical fluid (SF) exhibits pseudoboiling, forming bubblelike voids within a two-phase-like region. This molecular dynamics study reveals SF

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Supercritical fluid (SF) pseudoboiling is a recent focus, primarily studied thermodynamically.
  • Spatial and temporal phase distributions in SF remain underexplored.
  • Existing research lacks detailed insights into the microstructural behavior of SF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the spatial and temporal phase distribution of SF.
  • Characterize the nature of nanovoids within the SF two-phase-like (TPL) regime.
  • Validate molecular dynamics (MD) findings against thermodynamic data.

Main Methods:

  • Employing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with 10,976 argon atoms.
  • Utilizing periodic boundary conditions for simulation box.
  • Defining onset (T⁻) and termination (T⁺) pseudoboiling temperatures via neighboring molecules, radial distribution function, and excess entropy methods.

Main Results:

  • Identified three regimes: liquidlike, two-phase-like (TPL), and gaslike.
  • Observed bubblelike nanovoids in the TPL regime with distinct internal gas density and external liquid density.
  • MD-determined T⁻ and T⁺ values closely matched thermodynamic predictions.
  • Nonlinear dynamics in the TPL regime exhibited chaotic behavior, mirroring subcritical two-phase flow.

Conclusions:

  • Supercritical fluid in the TPL regime comprises bubblelike voids within a liquid matrix.
  • The findings support the applicability of established multiphase fluid theories to supercritical phenomena.
  • This study underscores the inherent multiphase nature of supercritical fluids.