Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 23, 2025
09:51
Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
Published on: May 25, 2018
34.6K
From genome scissors to molecular scalpel: evolution of CRISPR systems.
Daniel Guzmán-Zapata1, Brigitte V Vargas-Morales2, Víctor M Loyola-Vargas1
1Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, México.
Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Reviews
|August 20, 2021
Summary
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology has revolutionized genome modification. This review highlights CRISPR
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology
- Genomics and Genetics
Background:
- CRISPR technology has evolved from a bacterial defense system to a powerful genome editing tool.
- Over 30 years of research have led to significant advancements in understanding and utilizing CRISPR.
- The system's palindromic repeat structure is key to its functionality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the key developments in CRISPR research over the past three decades.
- To explain the fundamental mechanisms of CRISPR as a biotechnological tool.
- To discuss the evolution of CRISPR variants and their diverse applications.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of over 30 years of CRISPR research.
- Explanation of the basic mechanisms underlying CRISPR technology.
- Analysis of the evolution and applications of CRISPR variants.
Main Results:
- CRISPR has dramatically impacted genome modification studies in under a decade.
- Key historical developments and researchers in CRISPR technology are highlighted.
- The review details the progression from basic science to advanced biotechnological applications.
Conclusions:
- CRISPR technology is a valuable and evolving tool with broad scientific and industrial potential.
- Future understanding and upgrading of CRISPR will address challenges in pharmaceuticals, therapeutics, agriculture, and industrial processing.
- CRISPR's versatility spans from basic plant genetics to metabolic engineering and waste management.
Related Concept Videos
01:28CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing
695
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
695
01:59CRISPR
53.6K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
53.6K
02:53CRISPR and crRNAs
17.9K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
17.9K
02:31Homologous Recombination
56.3K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
56.3K
01:23The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR
300
CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
300
02:53Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation
6.3K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.3K