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Central and Divided Visual Field Presentation of Emotional Images to Measure Hemispheric Differences in Motivated Attention
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Using Visual Representations to Demonstrate Complexity in Mixed Emotional Development Across Childhood.

Francesca Fotheringham1, Matthias Herman2, Erin Robbins1

  • 1School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Psychology
|August 20, 2021
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Summary

Children

Keywords:
analogue emotions scalechild developmentemotional developmentmixed emotionsprotagonist

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Childhood Emotional Development
  • Mixed Emotions Research

Background:

  • Previous research indicates children develop the ability to understand mixed emotions over time.
  • Prior studies had limited ecological validity due to restricted emotion choices (one positive, one negative).
  • The analogue emotions scale (AES) allows for nuanced measurement of emotion intensity and duration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To expand the understanding of mixed emotional development in children.
  • To investigate children's perception of mixed emotions with a broader range of emotion choices.
  • To examine developmental trends in recognizing simultaneous emotions.

Main Methods:

  • 211 children aged 4-10 participated.
  • Participants were assigned to self, peer, or adult protagonist conditions.
  • Children read a vignette about moving house and plotted the intensity and duration of seven emotions (happy, calm, surprise, sad, worry, fear, anger) using the AES.

Main Results:

  • Replicated the developmental trend: younger children preferred single emotions, while older children perceived more emotional simultaneity.
  • This trend was evident in the number of emotions selected and the complexity of the AES patterns.
  • Broadening emotion choices revealed more complex emotion interactions than previously shown.

Conclusions:

  • Children's understanding of mixed emotions develops significantly throughout childhood.
  • A wider selection of emotions reveals a more complex developmental trajectory in recognizing simultaneous positive and negative feelings.
  • This study enhances ecological validity by offering a richer emotional landscape for children to interpret.