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Insights into Pathology and Pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 from a Histopathological and Immunological

Shun Iida1, Takeshi Arashiro1, Tadaki Suzuki1

  • 1Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.

JMA Journal
|August 20, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Understanding the pathology of COVID-19 is crucial for developing effective treatments. This review details SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, including respiratory and systemic effects and host immune responses.

Area of Science:

  • Pathology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents a significant global health challenge.
  • Current treatments for COVID-19 have limited efficacy, necessitating further research into disease mechanisms.
  • Pathological analysis is vital for understanding the causal link between SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 pathology.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis from histopathological and immunological perspectives.
  • To highlight the role of host immune responses in disease severity and the emergence of MIS-C/MIS-A.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing pathological analyses of COVID-19.
  • Examination of histopathological findings in affected organs.
  • Analysis of immunological responses contributing to COVID-19 pathology.

Main Results:

  • Respiratory organs are primarily affected in most COVID-19 cases, with lesions observed in other organs.
  • Host immune responses significantly contribute to the deterioration of COVID-19 pathological conditions.
  • Emerging concepts like Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and Adults (MIS-A) are linked to immune dysregulation.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of COVID-19 histopathology and immunology is essential for developing effective therapeutics.
  • Further research into the complex interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the host immune system is warranted.
  • Identifying specific pathogenic mechanisms can guide the development of targeted treatment strategies.

Keywords:
COVID-19ImmunityPathogenesisPathologySARS-CoV-2

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