Non-coding RNA dysregulation in skin cancers.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• Skin cancers, including melanoma and non-melanoma types (NMSC) like SCC, BCC, and MCC, are globally prevalent.
• Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their critical roles in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including skin cancer.
• NcRNAs, categorized by length (small, medium, long), encompass well-studied types such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the functional significance of ncRNAs in the context of skin cancer.
• To explore the potential clinical applications of ncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in skin cancer.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on the functional roles of ncRNAs in skin cancer.
• Analysis of studies investigating ncRNA expression patterns and their correlation with tumor characteristics.
• Examination of research on ncRNAs in skin cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.

Main Results:

• NcRNAs regulate gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
• NcRNAs are implicated in key processes of skin cancer progression, including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.
• Specific ncRNAs demonstrate tissue- or cell-specific expression and correlate with tumor staging, drug resistance, and patient prognosis.

Conclusions:

• NcRNAs are pivotal in skin cancer pathogenesis, influencing critical cellular processes.
• The diagnostic and prognostic value of ncRNAs in skin cancer is significant.
• NcRNAs hold considerable promise for future clinical applications as biomarkers for skin cancer detection and management.