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Non-coding RNA dysregulation in skin cancers

Giorgio Durante1, Francesca Comito1,2, Martina Lambertini3

  • 1Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Essays in Biochemistry
|August 20, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a key role in skin cancer development and progression. These molecules show diagnostic and prognostic potential, offering new avenues for skin cancer biomarkers.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Skin cancers, including melanoma and non-melanoma types (NMSC) like SCC, BCC, and MCC, are globally prevalent.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their critical roles in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including skin cancer.
  • NcRNAs, categorized by length (small, medium, long), encompass well-studied types such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functional significance of ncRNAs in the context of skin cancer.
  • To explore the potential clinical applications of ncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in skin cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the functional roles of ncRNAs in skin cancer.
  • Analysis of studies investigating ncRNA expression patterns and their correlation with tumor characteristics.
  • Examination of research on ncRNAs in skin cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.

Main Results:

  • NcRNAs regulate gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
  • NcRNAs are implicated in key processes of skin cancer progression, including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.
  • Specific ncRNAs demonstrate tissue- or cell-specific expression and correlate with tumor staging, drug resistance, and patient prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • NcRNAs are pivotal in skin cancer pathogenesis, influencing critical cellular processes.
  • The diagnostic and prognostic value of ncRNAs in skin cancer is significant.
  • NcRNAs hold considerable promise for future clinical applications as biomarkers for skin cancer detection and management.
Keywords:
microRNAnon-coding RNAskin cancer

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