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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Individualized Stem-positioning in Calcar-guided Short-stem Total Hip Arthroplasty

Individualized Stem-positioning in Calcar-guided Short-stem Total Hip Arthroplasty

Published on: February 27, 2018

Kinematic alignment in total knee arthroplasty.

Patrick Weber^1,2,3, Hans Gollwitzer⁴

¹ECOM-Excellent Center of Medicine, Arabellastr. 17, 81925, Munich, Germany. patrick.weber@atos.de.

Operative Orthopadie Und Traumatologie

|August 20, 2021

Summary

Kinematic alignment in total knee arthroplasty restores natural joint function, leading to improved patient outcomes and range of motion. This technique demonstrates a high prosthesis survival rate at mid-term follow-up.

Keywords:

Functional results Kinematic alignment Leg axis Ligament balancing Mechanical alignment

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Last Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Individualized Stem-positioning in Calcar-guided Short-stem Total Hip Arthroplasty

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Published on: February 27, 2018

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

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Published on: May 5, 2023

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) aims to restore function and alleviate pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Traditional mechanical alignment techniques may not fully replicate natural knee biomechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the principles and techniques of kinematic alignment in TKA.
To evaluate the clinical outcomes and prosthesis survival rates associated with kinematic alignment.

Main Methods:

Kinematic alignment involves implanting prostheses based on individual joint line, leg axis, and ligament tension.
A medial parapatellar approach with cruciate ligament and meniscus resection is utilized.
Femur-first technique with specific rotational and alignment considerations based on native joint anatomy.

Main Results:

Randomized studies indicate superior functional outcomes (Knee Society Score) and range of motion compared to mechanical alignment.
Meta-analyses support better results for kinematically aligned knees.
Mid-term follow-up (10 years) shows a 97.5% prosthesis survival rate.

Conclusions:

Kinematic alignment offers improved functional results and range of motion in TKA patients.
The technique demonstrates excellent mid-term prosthesis survival, suggesting its efficacy and durability.