Development of postural stability in children with autism spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study

The purpose was to investigate the effects of age on postural stability for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Twenty-nine children with mild ASD were assigned into one of the three groups: 6-8 years (U8), 9-11 years (U11) and 12-14 years (U14). Participants stood barefoot with both feet on a force platform and maintained stationary for 15 seconds during eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Center of pressure data were collected and variables were calculated, including displacements, total distances, sway areas, and sample entropy. The variables were compared among the three groups using a mixed-model ANOVA. The age group effect was significant for mediolateral center of pressure displacement (p = 0.04) and sway distance (p = 0.02). Post-hoc comparisons revealed that U8 exhibited greater mediolateral displacement and total distance compared to U14, regardless of test conditions. The U14 group exhibited improved mediolateral postural stability compared to U8, whereas no differences were found between U8 and U11 or between U11 and U14. This may suggest that children with ASD could slowly develop postural stability but only demonstrate significant changes over a long period of time. Early intervention programs aimed to improve complexity of postural control could be beneficial.