Age at menarche: risk factor for gestational diabetes
Ayla Ergin1, Ünal Türkay2, Suzi Özdemir1
1Faculty of Health Sciences, Midwifery Department, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
Summary
Early menstruation and higher BMI increase gestational diabetes risk. Healthcare providers should assess menstrual history for pregnancy risk and prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Endocrinology
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses significant health risks to mothers and fetuses.
- Established GDM risk factors include family history, obesity, and advanced maternal age.
- Emerging research suggests a link between earlier menarche and increased GDM risk, but ethnic variations require investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between age at menarche and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a Turkish population.
- To identify key risk factors for GDM, including menarche age, cycle duration, and pre-pregnancy BMI.
- To provide data for developing preventive strategies for GDM in high-risk groups.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study design.
- Inclusion of pregnant women diagnosed with GDM between 2014-2018 in Kocaeli, Turkey.
- Statistical analysis of menarche age, cycle duration, and pre-pregnancy BMI as risk factors.
Main Results:
- Mean age at menarche was 12.6 years for GDM group vs. 13.03 years for control group.
- Statistically significant associations found between GDM and age at menarche, cycle duration, and pre-pregnancy BMI (p < .05).
- Women with menarche <12 years had 2.3 times higher GDM risk; BMI >25 kg/cm² increased risk approximately 2 times.
Conclusions:
- Age at menarche, menstrual cycle duration, and BMI are significant risk factors for GDM.
- Menstrual history evaluation is crucial for assessing future pregnancy risks.
- Findings support the need for targeted GDM prevention strategies in at-risk populations and inform future research.
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