Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

High-efficiency BCN quantum dots with enhanced carrier kinetics enabled by synergistic control of the atomic ratio and interface engineering.

Nanoscale·2026

Same author

Corrigendum to "Nobiletin from Citrus reticulata Blanco alleviates pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition" [J. Ethnopharmacol. 349 (2025) 119965].

Journal of ethnopharmacology·2026

Same author

Additively Manufactured <i>in planta</i> Integrated Microneedle-Microfluidic Sensing: Nondestructive Electrochemical Tracking of Glucose and Water Stress in Agricultural Crop Plants.

ACS sensors·2026

Same author

Development of Immobilized 5,5'-Bitetralone-Derived Phosphoric Acids for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of 2-Arylquinolines.

Organic letters·2026

Same author

Corrigendum to "Nobiletin from Citrus reticulata Blanco alleviates pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition" [J. Ethnopharmacol 349 (2025) 119965].

Journal of ethnopharmacology·2026

Same author

Self-Powered, Broadband, and Polarization-Sensitive Photodetector Based on the ReSe<sub>2</sub>/Ta<sub>2</sub>NiSe<sub>5</sub> van der Waals Heterojunction.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

An Additive Manufacturing Technique for the Facile and Rapid Fabrication of Hydrogel-based Micromachines with Magnetically Responsive Components

An Additive Manufacturing Technique for the Facile and Rapid Fabrication of Hydrogel-based Micromachines with Magnetically Responsive Components

Published on: July 18, 2018

Closed-Loop Controlled Photopolymerization of Hydrogels.

Manjot Singh¹, Junru Zhang¹, Keturah Bethel²

¹Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|August 20, 2021

Summary

This study introduces closed-loop controlled photopolymerization for precise hydrogel fabrication. Advanced control strategies ensure reproducible hydrogels with tailored mechanical properties, improving hydrogel engineering.

Keywords:

UV curing closed-loop control crosslinking mechanical properties photocuring rheological properties

More Related Videos

Printing Thermoresponsive Reverse Molds for the Creation of Patterned Two-component Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture

Printing Thermoresponsive Reverse Molds for the Creation of Patterned Two-component Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture

Published on: July 10, 2013

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 23, 2025

An Additive Manufacturing Technique for the Facile and Rapid Fabrication of Hydrogel-based Micromachines with Magnetically Responsive Components

An Additive Manufacturing Technique for the Facile and Rapid Fabrication of Hydrogel-based Micromachines with Magnetically Responsive Components

Published on: July 18, 2018

Printing Thermoresponsive Reverse Molds for the Creation of Patterned Two-component Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture

Printing Thermoresponsive Reverse Molds for the Creation of Patterned Two-component Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culture

Published on: July 10, 2013

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Polymer Science
Materials Engineering
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Hydrogel fabrication often lacks precise control over mechanical properties.
Photopolymerization is a common method for hydrogel synthesis.
Achieving consistent and tunable hydrogel mechanics is crucial for applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a closed-loop controlled photopolymerization process for hydrogel fabrication.
To control the storage moduli of hydrogels using advanced control algorithms.
To investigate the influence of control strategies on hydrogel structure and properties.

Main Methods:

Utilized a piezoelectric cantilever sensor to monitor hydrogel crosslinking in real-time.
Employed bang-bang and fuzzy logic controllers to manage the photopolymerization process.
Characterized hydrogel composition, structure, and mechanical properties using Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and DMA.

Main Results:

Demonstrated successful control over storage moduli for poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogels.
Identified that bang-bang control led to overshoot, which was improved by fuzzy logic and setpoint correction.
Showed that cure time and UV exposure profile significantly impact PEGDMA hydrogel network structure and storage modulus.

Conclusions:

Closed-loop control enables reproducible fabrication of hydrogels with desired mechanical properties.
Fuzzy logic control offers enhanced precision in achieving target storage moduli compared to bang-bang control.
This approach advances hydrogel engineering for pulsed and continuous photopolymerization processes.