Visible light-driven g-C3N4 peroxymonosulfate activation process for carbamazepine degradation: Activation mechanism
Zihang Cheng1, Li Ling1, Jingyun Fang2
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Abstract:
In this study, g-C3N4 with a high portion of tri-s-triazine groups was synthesized to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under visible light irradiation, termed as Vis/g-C3N4/PMS process, to degrade one frequently detected recalcitrant micropollutant carbamazepine (CBZ). The Vis/g-C3N4/PMS process increased pseudo first-order degradation rate constant of CBZ by 2 times compared with that in the absence of PMS. The enhanced CBZ degradation was because of the production of HO and SO4- from the PMS activation, but not the enhanced charge separation of g-C3N4 due to the presence of PMS. The Vis/g-C3N4/PMS process is insensitive to dissolved oxygen, chloride and bicarbonate concentrations, effective over a wide pH range from 6.0 to 10.0, and less affected by high concentrations of natural organic matter compared with the UV/chlorine and UV/TiO2 processes. In addition, photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 remains stable over 5-cycle of reuse. These features make the process practically relevant and implementable in degrading micropollutants in drinking water, treated wastewater, surface water, groundwater, etc., using more efficient visible light LEDs or even sunlight.
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