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Related Concept Videos

Angular Momentum: Single Particle01:10

Angular Momentum: Single Particle

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Angular momentum is directed perpendicular to the plane of the rotation, and its magnitude depends on the choice of the origin. The perpendicular vector joining the linear momentum vector of an object to the origin is called the “lever arm.” If the lever arm and linear momentum are collinear, then the magnitude of the angular momentum is zero. Therefore, in this case, the object rotates about the origin such that it lies on the rim of the circumference defined by the lever arm...
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Angular Momentum: Rigid Body01:11

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The total angular momentum of a rigid body can be calculated using the summation of the angular momentum of all the tiny particles rotating in the same plane. Considering all the tiny particles rotating in the x-y plane, the direction of angular momentum of all such particles and that of the rigid body would be perpendicular to the plane of the rotation along the z-axis.
This calculation can get complicated when tiny particles within the rigid body are not rotating in the same plane but have...
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Angular Momentum about an Arbitrary Axis01:11

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Imagine a rigid body with a mass denoted as 'm', which has its center of mass at point G and is rotating around an inertial reference frame. The angular momentum at an arbitrary point P can be calculated by taking the cross product of the position vector and linear momentum vector for each individual mass element.
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Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application01:18

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A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Examples of such systems include a freely spinning bicycle tire that slows over time due to torque arising from friction, or the slowing of Earth's rotation over millions of years due to frictional forces exerted on tidal deformations. However in the absence of a net external torque, the angular momentum remains conserved. The conservation of angular momentum principle requires a...
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Conservation of Angular Momentum01:09

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A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Considering a system that consists of n tiny particles, the angular momentum of any tiny particle may change, but the system's total angular momentum would remain constant. The principle of conservation of angular momentum only considers the net external torque acting on the system. While there are internal forces exerted by different particles within the system that also produce...
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Relation Between Moment of a Force and Angular Momentum01:21

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In the realm of spinning tops, the application of force at a distance from the center produces torque, a pivotal factor that alters the angular momentum of the top, thereby inducing its rotation. The concept of moment, akin to linear force in rotation, quantifies how a force acting upon an object initiates rotational motion. Angular momentum serves as the rotational counterpart to linear momentum, representing an object's inherent tendency to persist in its rotational state.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Construction and Operation of a Light-driven Gold Nanorod Rotary Motor System
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Orbital Angular Momentum from Self-Assembled Concentric Nanoparticle Rings.

Emma Vargo1, Katherine M Evans2, Qingjun Wang1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|August 21, 2021
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Summary

A new method uses directed self-assembly (DSA) of nanocomposites to create nanoparticle rings for manipulating electromagnetic waves. This technique simplifies nanofabrication and enables new device designs with enhanced flexibility.

Keywords:
directed self-assemblyorbital angular momentumself-regulationsupramolecular nanocomposites

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Optics

Background:

  • Ring nanostructures are crucial for manipulating electromagnetic waves but are difficult to fabricate.
  • Existing methods like block copolymer (BCP) directed self-assembly (DSA) have limitations in material choice and phase behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a straightforward approach for fabricating ring-shaped nanoparticle assemblies using supramolecular nanocomposites.
  • To explore the potential of this method for creating nanodevices, such as those producing orbital angular momentum (OAM).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized directed self-assembly (DSA) of supramolecular nanocomposites on patterned templates.
  • Fabricated concentric rings with controlled radii (150-1150 nm) and widths (30-60 nm).
  • Incorporated plasmonic nanoparticles to create ring nanodevice arrays in a single step.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated ring-shaped nanoparticle assemblies with precise dimensions.
  • Demonstrated one-step fabrication of nanodevice arrays producing high-quality orbital angular momentum (OAM).
  • Showcased the self-regulating capability of the nanocomposite system, offering greater flexibility than traditional BCP DSA.

Conclusions:

  • Nanocomposite DSA offers a simplified and streamlined nanofabrication route for metal structures, eliminating etching and deposition steps.
  • This method introduces interparticle coupling as a novel design parameter.
  • The self-regulating nature of nanocomposite DSA provides a flexible alternative to incommensurability-driven methods.