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Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Tracking Electrochemistry on Single Nanoparticles with Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy and Microscopy

Author Spotlight: Tracking Electrochemistry on Single Nanoparticles with Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy and Microscopy

Published on: May 12, 2023

A microwell array-based approach for studying single nanoparticle catalysis with high turnover frequency.

Jia Gao¹, Hua Su¹, Wei Wang¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.

The Journal of Chemical Physics

|August 22, 2021

Summary

This study developed a microwell method to measure single catalyst activity under realistic conditions. The technique revealed distinct catalytic behaviors in cadmium sulfide nanoparticles, aiding catalyst mechanism understanding.

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Last Updated: Oct 23, 2025

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Photocatalysis

Background:

Accurate measurement of single catalyst activity under high turnover frequency (TOF) is crucial for understanding catalytic mechanisms and material heterogeneity.
Existing methods struggle to measure individual catalyst performance under realistic, high-concentration conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel method for in operando measurement of single photocatalyst kinetics at high TOF.
To investigate the heterogeneous catalytic behaviors of individual cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

Utilized a microwell array system with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) wells to isolate individual CdS nanoparticles.
Sealed single CdS nanoparticles within separated micro-wells to prevent product diffusion and enable precise kinetic monitoring.
Measured photocatalytic activity of single CdS nanoparticles under high reactant concentrations.

Main Results:

Successfully monitored single CdS nanoparticle photocatalysis with an average TOF up to 2.1 × 10^5 s^-1.
Observed two distinct catalytic behaviors: rapid activity decline in most CdS nanoparticles and an initial increase followed by a decrease in a smaller population.
Demonstrated the capability to measure single catalyst activities under realistic, high-concentration conditions.

Conclusions:

The developed microwell array method enables accurate in operando measurement of single catalyst kinetics, even at high TOF.
Revealed functional heterogeneity in CdS nanoparticles, highlighting distinct activity patterns.
The method offers significant potential for advancing research in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and other single-particle catalytic systems.