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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

8.8K
Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
8.8K
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

2.9K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods01:19

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods

2.4K
In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
2.4K
Doppler Effect - II01:05

Doppler Effect - II

3.8K
The Doppler effect has several practical, real-world applications. For instance, meteorologists use Doppler radars to interpret weather events based on the Doppler effect. Typically, a transmitter emits radio waves at a specific frequency toward the sky from a weather station. The radio waves bounce off the clouds and precipitation and travel back to the weather station. The radio frequency of the waves reflected back to the station appears to decrease if the clouds or precipitation are moving...
3.8K
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

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Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
28.8K

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Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar
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Dual-Polarization radar rainfall prediction and rain gauge data.

Tyson H Walsh1, Jesse W Lansford2, T V Hromadka2

  • 1Department of Mathematics, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA. tyson.walsh@westpoint.edu.

BMC Research Notes
|August 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study compares rainfall data from rain gauges with Dual-Polarization (Dual-Pol) radar estimates. The findings are crucial for improving weather forecasting accuracy using extensive datasets.

Keywords:
EngineeringFloodplain managementHydrometeorologyWeather forecasting

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrometeorology
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Accurate precipitation estimation is vital for hydrometeorology, engineering, and weather forecasting.
  • Dual-Polarization (Dual-Pol) radar offers advanced capabilities for measuring rainfall.
  • Integrating diverse data sources enhances the reliability of radar-based precipitation estimates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a comprehensive dataset of paired rain gauge and Dual-Pol radar rainfall estimates.
  • To facilitate research and development in improving radar precipitation algorithms.
  • To support applications requiring accurate rainfall data.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation of 12,734 data points from peer-reviewed publications over the last decade.
  • Data includes measurements from multiple rain gauge and radar sites.
  • Focus on reported rainfall data and corresponding Dual-Pol radar estimates.

Main Results:

  • The dataset provides a valuable resource for validating and refining Dual-Pol radar rainfall algorithms.
  • Analysis of the data can reveal biases and uncertainties in radar estimates compared to ground truth.
  • The study highlights the increasing importance of large, multi-source datasets for radar meteorology.

Conclusions:

  • The presented dataset is essential for advancing the accuracy of radar precipitation measurements.
  • Improved radar estimates will benefit various hydrological and meteorological applications.
  • Continued data collection and integration are key to enhancing weather prediction models.