Recent progress in the study of autoantibodies to nuclear antigens

Autoantibodies to nuclear antigens can now be classified according to their immunologic specificities. They include antibodies that react with DNA, deoxyribonucleoprotein, nuclear histones, and nuclear acidic protein antigens. It has been established that there are several antinuclear antibodies that react with nuclear acidic proteins, and these include antibodies to Sm antigen, nuclear ribonucleoprotein, and SS-A and SS-B antigens. It has also been established that certain systemic rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, and scleroderma, are characterized by antibodies of some specificities and not of others. Thus, distinct profiles of antibodies to nuclear antigens may be present, and these may be used as diagnostic aids. Further characterization of these specific nuclear antigen-antibody systems may help in unraveling the etiology and pathogenetic mechanims of these diseases.