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Capillary Interfacial Tension in Active Phase Separation.

G Fausti1, E Tjhung2, M E Cates3

  • 1Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Physical Review Letters
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active systems exhibit two distinct interfacial tensions, unlike passive systems. Strong activity can lead to negative capillary tension, forming unique microphase-separated or active foam states.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Active Matter Physics

Background:

  • In passive fluid-fluid systems, a single interfacial tension governs both interface fluctuations and Ostwald ripening.
  • Understanding active systems requires differentiating these interfacial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct interfacial tensions in active fluid-fluid phase separation.
  • To compute the capillary tension (σ_cw) governing interfacial fluctuation relaxation rates.
  • To explore the consequences of negative capillary tension in active systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Active Model B+, a minimal continuum model.
  • Applied capillary wave theory to analyze interfacial fluctuations.
  • Investigated system self-organization under varying global compositions.

Main Results:

  • Identified two distinct interfacial tensions in active systems.
  • Computed capillary tension (σ_cw), revealing it can become negative with sufficient activity.
  • Observed self-organization into microphase-separated states (inhibiting coalescence) or active foams.

Conclusions:

  • Active fluid-fluid systems possess unique interfacial dynamics compared to passive systems.
  • Negative capillary tension is achievable and leads to novel self-organized states.
  • Active Model B+ provides a tractable framework for studying active phase separation phenomena.