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Treatment of type 2 diabetes in children: what are the specific considerations?

Magnus F G Grøndahl1,2, Jesper Johannesen2,3, Kurt Kristensen4,5

  • 1Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark.

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|August 23, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric type 2 diabetes is a growing global concern, often linked with obesity and rapid progression. Current treatments face challenges, necessitating early, intensive, and multifaceted interventions for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes is rapidly increasing in individuals under 18 worldwide.
  • Pediatric patients often present with obesity and experience faster disease progression than adults.
  • Prevention and management of complications and comorbidities are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a literature overview of pediatric type 2 diabetes, including pathophysiology, diagnosis, characteristics, and treatment.
  • To identify knowledge gaps requiring further research.
  • To offer expert opinion on current challenges and future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review drawing on mechanistic studies, intervention trials, and epidemiological data.
  • Analysis of international consensus statements.
  • Perspective article synthesizing existing research.

Main Results:

  • Current treatment strategies for pediatric type 2 diabetes are insufficient to meet challenges.
  • Treatment options are limited to lifestyle changes, metformin, liraglutide, insulin, and bariatric surgery in select cases.
  • Obesity and type 2 diabetes prevention in at-risk children needs prioritization.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric type 2 diabetes requires early, intensive, multifaceted, and durable treatment approaches.
  • Addressing obesity and type 2 diabetes prevention in children is a priority.
  • Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps in pediatric type 2 diabetes management.

Keywords:
Adolescentschildreninsulinliraglutidemetforminobesitypediatrictype 2 diabetes

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