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Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
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Toads use the subsurface thermal gradient for temperature regulation underground.

Émilie Forget-Klein1, David M Green1

  • 1Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C4, Canada.

Journal of Thermal Biology
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Summary

Fowler

Keywords:
AmphibianAnaxyrus fowleriBehaviourEctothermFowler's toadLake ErieRadio-trackingSand dunesThermoregulation

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Area of Science:

  • Zoology
  • Ecology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Amphibians, as ectotherms with permeable skin, face a constant challenge balancing hydration and body temperature.
  • Laboratory studies suggest cooler temperatures aid water conservation in dehydrated amphibians.
  • Wild amphibian thermoregulation, especially in variable environments, remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the wild thermoregulatory behavior of Fowler's Toads (Anaxyrus fowleri) at their northern range limit.
  • To determine if Fowler's Toads prioritize high metabolic rates over hydration during their active season in a cold climate.

Main Methods:

  • Adult Fowler's Toads were fitted with temperature loggers and radio-tracked for 24-hour periods.
  • Ambient air and subsurface soil temperatures (to 18.6 cm depth) were simultaneously recorded.
  • Toad body temperatures were correlated with environmental temperature data.

Main Results:

  • During nocturnal activity, toads matched ambient air temperatures.
  • During diurnal resting periods, toads maintained a stable body temperature around 30°C.
  • Burrowing depth was adjusted to achieve thermoregulation during the day.

Conclusions:

  • Fowler's Toads behaviorally thermoregulate during resting periods to maintain a high metabolic rate.
  • This thermoregulation occurs irrespective of ambient humidity, suggesting hydration is secondary to metabolic needs during the active season.
  • Wild amphibian thermoregulatory strategies may differ significantly from laboratory predictions, especially in seasonal environments.