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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

176
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
176
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

424
The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Uterus and Cervix01:18

Uterus and Cervix

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The uterus, commonly called the womb, is a vital reproductive organ in females designed to provide a nurturing environment for the implantation and growth of an embryo. It is shaped like a hollow pear and positioned between the urinary bladder and the rectum. The uterus's structure allows it to support and protect a developing fetus throughout pregnancy.
The uterus is securely anchored within the pelvic cavity by paired broad ligaments on either side. It is further stabilized by three pairs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
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Bladder endocervicosis: Recurrent presentations during pregnancy.

Danielle Whiting1, Ahmed Ali1

  • 1Urology Department, Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, GU167UJ. UK.

Urology Annals
|August 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bladder endocervicosis, a rare condition of cervical tissue in the bladder, occurred in a pregnant woman. Recurrence after treatment suggests pregnancy hormones may trigger this ectopic tissue growth.

Keywords:
Bladder tumourendocervicosispregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic pathology
  • Urologic conditions

Background:

  • Bladder endocervicosis is a rare condition characterized by ectopic endocervical tissue in the bladder.
  • The etiology of bladder endocervicosis remains unclear.

Observation:

  • A 29-year-old woman presented with bladder endocervicosis during her first pregnancy.
  • The condition recurred during her second pregnancy.
  • Transurethral resection was performed on both occasions, but the lesion recurred.

Findings:

  • This is the first reported case of bladder endocervicosis presenting during pregnancy.
  • The recurrent nature of the condition during pregnancy suggests a hormonal influence.

Implications:

  • Pregnancy-associated hormonal changes may play a role in the development or exacerbation of bladder endocervicosis.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the hormonal mechanisms involved in bladder endocervicosis.