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Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
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Virtual Coordinate System in Unicoronal Synostosis.

Xiaona Lu1,2, Antonio Jorge Forte3, John A Persing1

  • 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.

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Summary

A new virtual coordinate system accurately assesses skull asymmetry in unicoronal synostosis. This method provides a reliable framework for understanding craniofacial differences in affected patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial anatomy
  • Medical imaging
  • Surgical planning

Background:

  • Unicoronal synostosis causes significant craniofacial asymmetry.
  • Accurate assessment of this asymmetry is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Existing methods for evaluating skull shape may lack precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel landmark-based virtual coordinate system.
  • To assess the reliability and validity of this system for evaluating craniofacial asymmetry in unicoronal synostosis.
  • To compare the proposed system with established methods for skull base assessment.

Main Methods:

  • CT scans from 33 patients with nonsyndromic unicoronal synostosis were analyzed.
  • A novel mid-sagittal plane was developed and compared to traditional planes (N-S-BA, midFZ, gravity center).
  • Reliability and validity were evaluated for anterior and posterior skull base assessments.

Main Results:

  • The proposed midplane demonstrated less bias and deviation compared to N-S-BA and gravity center planes.
  • Significant anterior and superior displacement of frontal bone and supraorbital rim points were quantified on the contralateral side of the fused suture.
  • The system accurately measured asymmetry, with specific deviations noted in the frontal bone and supraorbital rim.

Conclusions:

  • A prioritized orientation of the Frankfort horizontal plane, mid-sagittal, and coronal planes creates a reliable coordinate framework.
  • This system offers a valid approach for assessing asymmetric skull shape in unicoronal synostosis.
  • The findings support the use of this novel system for improved clinical assessment and surgical planning.