Reviewing the physiology, pharmacology and therapeutic uses of ketamine
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Updated: Oct 23, 2025

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Published on: June 2, 2015
Jane Alison Hunt1, Maisie Alice Lake2
1Bournemouth University, and registered nurse, NHS Professionals, COVID-19 National Vaccination Programme, Hampshire and Isle of Wight, England.
Abstract:
Ketamine is a synthetic drug with unique properties which started to be used therapeutically in humans in the 1970s and is now widely used in all fields of nursing. Ketamine acts on the central nervous system, primarily through inhibiting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. However, the precise understanding of its mechanisms of action remains elusive in many respects. Ketamine is frequently used as an anaesthetic in medical and surgical procedures and as an analgesic in children and adults. It is increasingly used in mental health settings to treat depression. It has potential to be used more often in areas such as palliative care and mental health care. This article reviews the physiological and pharmacological properties of ketamine, explores its main therapeutic uses, and considers the associated implications for nursing practice.
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