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Updated: Oct 23, 2025

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
Published on: December 4, 2020
[Urinary bladder microbiome analysis and probiotic treatment options for women with recurrent urinary tract
T Schiereck1, S Yeldan2, J Kranz3,4
1Urologische Klinik, Lukaskrankenhaus Neuss, Rheinland Klinikum, Preussenstr. 84, 41464, Neuss, Deutschland. tim.schiereck@rheinlandklinikum.de.
Abstract:
Novel preventive measures and therapeutic approaches are needed to reduce the frequency of recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) and the associated emergence of multidrug-resistant uropathogens. The aim of this review is to systematically present the available evidence on the urinary bladder microbiome of healthy women and those with rUTIs. In addition, relevant studies on the efficacy of probiotics in rUTIs are presented in a structured manner. This will provide an overview on the current state of research and an outlook on treatment strategies beyond the usual antimicrobial options.
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