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Related Concept Videos

Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

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Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Other Stress Responses in Bacteria01:30

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

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Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...
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Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

Stringent Response in E. coli

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Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
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Repressible Operon: trp Operon01:21

Repressible Operon: trp Operon

409
The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...
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Biofilms01:29

Biofilms

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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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DNA-affinity-purified Chip DAP-chip Method to Determine Gene Targets for Bacterial Two component Regulatory Systems
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Streptococcus pyogenes TrxSR Two-Component System Regulates Biofilm Production in Acidic Environments.

Masanori Isaka1, Akira Okamoto2, Yutaka Miura3

  • 1Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.

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|August 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm formation in acidic conditions is controlled by the TrxS protein, not LiaS. TrxS regulates M protein expression and biofilm production, crucial for bacterial protection and virulence.

Keywords:
biofilmshistidine kinasesensory transduction processestwo-component regulatory systems

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Bacteria utilize biofilms for protection against environmental stressors and to produce virulence factors.
  • Acidified environments pose challenges for bacterial survival, with two-component systems often regulating responses.
  • Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm formation is influenced by environmental conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the LiaS histidine kinase sensor and TrxS in Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm production under acidified conditions.
  • To elucidate the specific mechanisms by which environmental acidification influences biofilm formation and virulence factor expression.

Main Methods:

  • Construction and analysis of isogenic mutants for LiaS and TrxS in Streptococcus pyogenes.
  • Culturing bacteria in acidified environments (hydrochloric acid and glucose fermentation).
  • Assessing biofilm production, pilus expression, and M protein regulation using mass spectrometry and promoter activity assays.

Main Results:

  • The LiaS mutant produced biofilms in hydrochloric acid-induced acidic conditions but not in glucose-fermented conditions, indicating another sensor is involved.
  • The TrxS mutant failed to produce biofilms and activate the mga promoter in acidified environments.
  • Mass spectrometry confirmed TrxS regulates M protein, aligning with transcriptional regulation of the emm gene.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental acidification directly controls Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm production via the TrxS protein.
  • TrxS is a key regulator of biofilm formation and M protein expression in response to acidic environments.
  • These findings highlight a novel regulatory pathway for bacterial adaptation and virulence in response to pH changes.