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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology
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Irisin in atherosclerosis.

Zhe-Bin Cheng1, Liang Huang2, Xuan Xiao3

  • 1Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|August 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, shows promise in preventing atherosclerosis by improving metabolic health and reducing inflammation. Further research into irisin could lead to new therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisDyslipidemiaIrisinOxidative stressVascular inflammationVascular repair

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Irisin is a myokine released during exercise, impacting metabolic functions.
  • Emerging evidence links irisin to cardiovascular health, particularly atherosclerosis (AS).
  • Serum irisin levels are implicated in predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of irisin in regulating biological pathways relevant to atherosclerosis.
  • To explore irisin's potential as a predictive marker and therapeutic target for AS.
  • To highlight irisin's function in exercise-induced metabolic improvements.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on irisin and atherosclerosis.
  • Analysis of irisin's effects on oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function.
  • Examination of irisin's role in energy metabolism and insulin resistance.

Main Results:

  • Irisin demonstrates anti-atherosclerotic properties by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation.
  • It improves lipid profiles and enhances endothelial function, counteracting AS progression.
  • Irisin plays a key role in exercise-induced benefits like adipose tissue browning and improved insulin sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Irisin is a significant factor in preventing atherosclerosis through multiple biological mechanisms.
  • Serum irisin levels may serve as a valuable biomarker for AS and CVD risk.
  • Targeting irisin offers potential for novel therapeutic interventions in atherosclerosis management.