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Aging, pattern separation, and categorical perception of faces.

Ariana Youm1, Morris Moscovitch2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada.

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Summary

Categorical perception (CP) abilities decline with age, particularly for non-famous faces. Familiarity enhances CP, but younger adults generally outperform older adults in discriminating between stimuli.

Keywords:
AgingCategorical perceptionFace perceptionFace recognitionPattern separation

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Perception

Background:

  • Categorical perception (CP) involves perceiving continuous stimuli as discrete categories.
  • CP may rely on mnemonic processes like pattern separation, which is known to decline with age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between aging, pattern separation, and categorical perception.
  • To examine the influence of face familiarity and orientation on CP across age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Standard categorical perception tasks were administered to younger and older adults.
  • Participants identified and discriminated between famous and non-famous faces in upright and inverted orientations.

Main Results:

  • Older adults showed compromised discrimination ability (CP) compared to younger adults.
  • Face familiarity enhanced CP for all participants, but younger adults still outperformed older adults.
  • Inverting faces disrupted CP in younger adults but not in older adults.

Conclusions:

  • Aging compromises categorical perception, likely due to age-related declines in pattern separation.
  • Face familiarity benefits CP, but does not fully mitigate age-related deficits.
  • Older adults may rely more on part-based representations for faces, unlike younger adults who use holistic representations.