Catalytic amyloids: Is misfolding folding?

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Biotechnology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Amyloids were traditionally viewed as pathological aggregates.
• Emerging evidence highlights diverse, beneficial biological roles of amyloids.
• Amyloid structures represent an 'alternative folding' rather than 'misfolding'.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize recent advancements in catalytic amyloids.
• To review applications of de novo and bioinspired catalytic amyloids.
• To discuss the field's progress over the last two years.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent developments in catalytic amyloids.
• Analysis of de novo and bioinspired amyloid catalyst designs.
• Synthesis of recent findings on amyloid catalysis.

Main Results:

• Amyloid folds can be engineered into highly efficient catalysts.
• These catalytic amyloids exhibit enzyme-like efficiencies.
• Diverse applications showcase the potential of engineered amyloid catalysts.

Conclusions:

• The perception of amyloids has shifted from disease markers to functional biomaterials.
• Catalytic amyloids offer a promising platform for novel biocatalysis.
• Continued research is expanding the utility and understanding of amyloid structures.