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Mind wandering and executive dysfunction predict children's performance in the metronome response task.

McLennon Wilson1, Linda Sosa-Hernandez1, Heather A Henderson1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|August 23, 2021
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Children can reliably report mind wandering during simple tasks. Parent-reported executive dysfunction, like behavioral regulation issues, is linked to more mind wandering and poorer task performance in children.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Mind wandering is common in adults but understudied in children.
  • Previous research has not utilized the Metronome Response Task (MRT) for child mind wandering studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency and validity of children's mind wandering reports.
  • To explore the relationship between parent-reported executive dysfunction and children's mind wandering and task performance.

Main Methods:

  • 81 children (7-9 years) completed the MRT, a simple key-pressing task.
  • Experience-sampling probes assessed on-task vs. mind wandering states.
  • Parents reported on children's executive functioning difficulties.

Main Results:

  • Children reported being on-task more often than mind wandering.
  • Mind wandering preceded less synchronous and more variable keypresses compared to on-task states.
  • Behavioral regulation difficulties predicted increased mind wandering; dysregulation and metacognitive issues predicted lower MRT performance.

Conclusions:

  • Children can reliably report mind wandering in monotonous situations.
  • Executive functions, particularly behavioral regulation, are associated with mind wandering frequency and task performance in children.