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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

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Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 23, 2025

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
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Outcomes of Cardiogenic Shock With Autoimmune Rheumatological Disorders.

Mohammad Al-Akchar1, Khalid Sawalha2, Yasser Al-Khadra1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States of America.

Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine : Including Molecular Interventions
|August 24, 2021
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Summary

Patients with autoimmune diseases (AID) experiencing cardiogenic shock (CS) face higher in-hospital mortality. This highlights a critical need for targeted therapies for CS in this vulnerable population.

Keywords:
Autoimmune DiseaseCardiogenic ShockMortality

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Cardiogenic shock (CS) data in autoimmune diseases (AID) is scarce.
  • Understanding in-hospital outcomes for CS in AID patients is crucial for improving care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare in-hospital outcomes of cardiogenic shock (CS) in patients with and without underlying autoimmune diseases (AID).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2011-2017.
  • Comparison of in-hospital outcomes for CS patients with and without AID, adjusting for multiple factors.

Main Results:

  • CS patients with AID (2.7%) were older, with more women and African American individuals.
  • Increased in-hospital mortality was observed in AID patients with CS (38.3% vs 36.3%, aOR 1.06).
  • AID patients had fewer respiratory complications, strokes, and less mechanical circulatory support use.

Conclusions:

  • Hospitalized patients with CS and AID exhibit elevated mortality.
  • This increased mortality may stem from the underlying autoimmune condition and limited specific therapies for CS in this context.