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Clock proteins and training modify exercise capacity in a daytime-dependent manner.

Yaarit Adamovich1, Vaishnavi Dandavate1, Saar Ezagouri1

  • 1Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 24, 2021
PubMed
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Circadian clocks, controlled by proteins like PERIOD and BMAL1, significantly impact exercise capacity. Optimal training times and feeding behaviors are influenced by these internal clocks, affecting endurance performance.

Keywords:
circadian clocksexerciseglycogenmetabolismtraining

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Chronobiology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Circadian biology and exercise capacity are linked but not fully understood.
  • Circadian clocks regulate physiological and metabolic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of the circadian clock and key clock proteins (PERIOD, BMAL1) on exercise capacity.
  • To determine how daytime variations affect endurance performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized clock mutant mouse models (PERIOD-null, BMAL1-null).
  • Assessed endurance exercise capacity at different times of the day.
  • Analyzed liver and muscle glycogen stores and muscle lipid utilization.
  • Examined the impact of training timing on exercise performance.

Main Results:

  • Exercise capacity exhibits daytime variance controlled by the circadian clock in wild-type mice.
  • PERIOD- and BMAL1-null mice lack this daytime variance.
  • BMAL1 appears to impair, while PERIODs enhance, exercise capacity in a time-dependent manner.
  • These effects correlate with liver glycogen levels and feeding behavior.
  • Training during the late active phase improves exercise performance more than early phase training.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian clock proteins modulate exercise capacity through time-dependent mechanisms.
  • Liver glycogen levels and feeding behavior are key mediators of these effects.
  • Optimizing training and feeding schedules according to circadian rhythms can enhance exercise performance.